
文章插圖
α-GPC逆轉(zhuǎn)記憶衰退的機(jī)制:
提高記憶力形成的基礎(chǔ)——LTP的水平
2020年1月 , 日本東京大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在期刊《Gerontology》上發(fā)表文章 , 探究α-甘油磷酸膽堿(α-GPC)如何防止衰老導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知功能下降 。LTP(長(zhǎng)時(shí)程增強(qiáng)作用)被普遍視為構(gòu)成學(xué)習(xí)與記憶基礎(chǔ)的主要分子機(jī)制之一 。此前有研究證明 , LTP的基因表達(dá)水平隨年齡的增長(zhǎng)而下降 , 本次研究發(fā)現(xiàn) , α-GPC的攝入會(huì)對(duì)這一過(guò)程有抑制作用 。
該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)以小鼠為模式生物 , 將其分為3組:飼喂正常飼料的老年小鼠對(duì)照組(105-118周齡)、幼齡小鼠對(duì)照組(7周齡)和用含GPC的食物喂養(yǎng)的老年組小鼠 。通過(guò)檢測(cè)各小鼠海馬區(qū)的基因表達(dá)水平 , 探究α-GPC攝入對(duì)多種基因表達(dá)水平的影響 。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn) , α-GPC喂養(yǎng)的老年小鼠LTP的mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著高于老年對(duì)照組 , 表明α-GPC攝入對(duì)由衰老導(dǎo)致的LTP基因的mRNA表達(dá)水平下降具有抑制作用 。
α-GPC的攝入改善了LTP和β氧化相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)水平隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而下降的情況 , 這一研究成果為闡明α-GPC延緩衰老導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知衰退的分子機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ) 。
α-Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) is a natural source of choline. It reportedly prevents aging-related decline in cognitive function, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Although it is understood that aging influences taste sensitivity and energy regulation, whether GPC exerts antiaging effects on such phenomena requires further elucidation. Here, we used old C57BL/6J mice that were fed a GPC-containing diet, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the prevention of a decline in cognitive function associated with aging and examine the beneficial effects of GPC intake on aging-related phenomena, such as taste sensitivity and energy regulation. We confirmed that GPC intake reduces the aging-related decline in the expression levels of genes related to long-term potentiation. Although we did not observe an improvement in aging-related decline in taste sensitivity, there was a notable improvement in the expression levels of β-oxidation-associated genes in old mice. Our results suggest that the prevention of aging-related decline in cognitive function by GPC intake may be associated with the improvement of gene expression levels of longterm potentiation. Furthermore, GPC intake may positively influence lipid metabolism.
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